Indonesia Conference Directory

Corresponding Author
Endra Joelianto

Institutions
Institut Teknologi Bandung

Abstract
Batteries have been widely used for energy storage in various fields. Renewable energy systems, such as solar cells and wind turbines, produce energy depending on the weather. Because of that, batteries are needed in these fields to ensure energy availability. Electric vehicles also rely on batteries for energy storages. Therefore, the failure of battery management can result in large losses in various aspects. To prevent this, a number of studies on State of Health (SoH) of battery have been carried out. Prediction and estimation of SoH have been carried out using several methods such as SVM, deep learning, random forest and others. In many cases, these methods are applied by assuming that the change in SoH is a linear or non-linear phenomenon. However, in this paper, it is found that SoH exhibits chaotic behavior. Several well known methods to illustrate the Mackey-Glass Equation method and Lyapunov Exponent are considered to identify the chaotic nature of SoH. The obtained results can provide a new understanding of SoH behaviors on batteries, especially for the development of battery management system, control and safety system.

Keywords
SoH, Chaotic behavior, Battery, Mackey-Glass Equation, Lyapunov Exponent

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/VgUv4PjZmEBq

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Nizam

Institutions
UNS

Abstract
Lithium iron phosphate battery (LFP) is one of the longest lifetime lithium ion batteries. However, its application in the long-term needs requires specific conditions to be operated normally and avoid damage. Battery management system (BMS) is the solution to this problem. The BMS designed in this study has three key features: monitoring, balancing, and protection. Arduino Nano as a microcontroller gives an advantage that is programable so that it can be used for all types of LFP batteries, without the need to re-create BMS. The results of this study indicate the ability of BMS in maintaining voltage values with passive balancing at 3.6V, disconnecting the input current and voltage under over and under conditions with protection, and displaying system monitoring conditions on the screen

Keywords
battery management system, lithium iron phosphate, battery monitoring, balancing, and protection

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/eBq97MkrbtGQ

Corresponding Author
Kirana Dyah Utari Kusumautri

Institutions
Universitas Sebelas Maret

Abstract
Lithium iron phosphate battery (LiFePO4, LFP) is one of the longest lifetime lithium ion batteries. However, its application in the long-term needs requires specific conditions to be operated normally and avoid damage. Battery management system (BMS) is the solution to this problem. The BMS designed in this study has three key features: monitoring, balancing, and protection. Arduino Nano as a microcontroller gives an advantage that is programable so that it can be used for all types of LFP batteries, without the need to re-create BMS. The results of this study indicate the ability of BMS in maintaining voltage values with passive balancing at 3.75V, disconnecting the input current and voltage under over and under conditions with protection, and displaying system monitoring conditions on the screen.

Keywords
battery management system, lithium iron batteries, monitoring, balancing, protection

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/6DaRVTKzQuwq

Corresponding Author
Irsyad Nashirul Haq

Institutions
(1,2,3,4,5) Department of Engineering Physics
Institut Teknologi Bandung
Bandung, Indonesia
(2) National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology. Bandung, Indonesia

(1)edi[at]tf.itb.ac.id
(2)irsyad[at]tf.itb.ac.id
(3)yuliast[at]tf.itb.ac.id
(4)ghifarfahran[at]gmail.com,
(5)fahri.nabhan[at]gmail.com

Abstract
As of right now the development of electric vehicles is very rapid. This is supported by the transition from vehicles with fuel oil to electricity, the development of increasingly widespread electric vehicles, and the production of increasingly cheap batteries. Generally the battery used is a lithium-ion battery. But over time, the quality of the lithium-ion battery will be degraded so that the battery quality is not as early as its use. The causes of battery degradation are unbalanced cell in the battery pack. To overcome this problem, a reliable battery management system (BMS) is needed. In the design of the BMS to prevent the imbalance of the proposed battery voltage using the active method from cell to cell battery. BMS uses a microprocessor to process battery data, a microcontroller to control battery connecting switches, and a DC-DC converter circuit as well as a switched capacitor (SC). From the proposed design BMS is able to monitor the voltage of each battery directly, able to store automatic data on the database in the microprocessor, able to set the switch connected between the highest voltage battery to the lowest voltage battery, able to balance the battery with a voltage difference between batteries up to 0.0032 V, able to increase the capacity of the battery pack compared to the system without a balancing system up to 130 mAh , and the balancing system can increase the energy of the battery pack compared to the system without a balancing system to 10.363 Wh or 6.88%

Keywords
Lithium ion battery, active cell balancing, battery management system, electric vehicle

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/RhxnCBvPmVkt

Corresponding Author
Irsyad Nashirul Haq

Institutions
(1) Graduate Student at Department of Engineering Physics. Institut Teknologi Bandung
(1)iman95[at]gmail.com

(2,3,4) Department of Engineering Physics. Institut Teknologi Bandung
(2)irsyad[at]tf.itb.ac.id, (3)edi[at]tf.itb.ac.id, (3)augie[at]tf.itb.ac.id

(2) National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology. Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract
Electric Vehicle (EV) Batteries must have high reliability to produce durable and sustainable electrical energy. Reliable electric batteries will certainly have high economic value and efficiency. Reliability can be obtained if the system and its supporting are monitored using an integrated and independent system for further analysis and observation. Battery Management System (BMS) is integrated parts of Electric Vehicle, Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), or solar applications e.g. solar power plant. Its functions are to integrate many things such as voltage sampling from cell battery, cells balancing, determine State of Charge (SOC), estimate State of Health (SOH), and predict Remaining Useful Life (RUL). The key technology needed for condition-based maintenance is Prognostic and Health Management. It is a new engineering approach that allows an assessment of the systems health when the system is operating. It combines various scientific disciplines, namely: sensing technology, modern statistics, machine learning, physics of failure, and reliability engineering. It will be combined with Big Data analysis. Big data uses existing technology and contemporary architecture that is designed to efficiently take advantage of the many and varied data. Big data analytics refers to the method of analyzing huge volumes of data, high velocity of data, variety different forms of data, and veracity of uncertainty of data. The main focus in this research is the development of an integrated observation system and the ability to make error predictions. This system consists of error detection, error diagnosis, and integrated prognosis. This research is to implement Big Data analytics Platform to evaluate the reliability level of electric vehicle Battery Management System.

Keywords
Electric Vehicle, Remaining Useful Life, Big Data Analytics, Battery Management System

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/AGUe6DRTrJ3y

Corresponding Author
Muhammad Alief Irham

Institutions
(a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
(b) Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (RCNN), Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
(c) National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology (NCSTT) , Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
*ferry[at]fi.itb.ac.id

Abstract
LiNixMnyCozO2 (LNCM) with a high Li content (Li-rich LNCM) is a promising new type of cathode material for lithium ion battery (LIB) application. Li-rich LNCM has been reported to deliver higher specific capacity (>250 mAh/g) compared to LNCM cathode with standard Li content. Despite its outstanding performance, some works have reported instability of the material upon cycling. Many researchers have been suggesting the use of carbon, oxide, fluoride, and phosphate compounds as a coating material to improve its stability. In this work, Li1.2Ni0.64Co0.08Mn0.08 (LNCM811), a type of Li-rich LNCM cathode, was successfully synthesized via hydroxide co-precipitation method. The resulted product was then coated with NaTi2(PO4)3 (NTP), a promising phosphate compound with excellent chemical stability and superior ionic conductivity. It was found that NTP-coated LNCM811 delivered better electrochemical properties compared to the pristine one, as was determined using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS).

Keywords
Lithium ion battery (LIB), LNCM cathode, Li-rich LNCM, surface coating, NaTi_2(PO_4)_3

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/wCGegkMAb9Fz

Corresponding Author
Endra Joelianto

Institutions
Instrumentation and Control Research Group, and National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology
Institut Teknologi Bandung
Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract
The utilization of renewable energy in transportation has been a trend nowadays. In electric vehicles, for example, the battery pack has become the main energy source to supply the motor. As the main energy source for the vehicles, the management of the battery system becomes important to ensure the availability of the battery. The failure in managing the battery will cause some losses. In order to overcome the problem, various studies in determining the State of Charge (SoC) and State of Health (SoH) of the battery are done. The researchers continue to develop the algorithm that can accurately estimate the SoC and SoH. In this study, the SoC and SoH of the battery are estimated using Dual Extended Kalman Filter that is improved by adding the corrected value of the current. The corrected current will improve the accuracy of the SoC and SoH estimation. The obtained results show the improvement of the accuracy.

Keywords
SoC, SoH, Battery, Dual Extended Kalman Filter, Corrected Current

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/4rKpW8vZcEn7

Corresponding Author
Hari Maghfiroh

Institutions
Dept. Electrical Engineering
Universitas Sebelas Maret
Indonesia

Abstract
Electric vehicles are widely used because of their advantages over internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle such as low emission and environment friendly. In Indonesia, electric vehicles have begun to be marketed and developed. One of the weaknesses of electric vehicles in Indonesia is the limited availability of charger stations. For this reason, this research proposes the design and prototyping of low cost charger station. The charging station equipped with keypad to input how much power that will be purchased and an LCD to monitor the status. This station can be used to charge both electric car and electric motorcycle/ bicycle. Prototype has been built and tested to charge Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) car both for normal charging and fast charging with satisfactory results.

Keywords
electric vihicle, EV, charging, station

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/ENT2MWbUBpZL

Corresponding Author
Meilisa Dewi Kharisma

Institutions
a) Engineering Physics, Bandung Institute of Technology
Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
*meilisadewikharisma[at]students.itb.ac.id
b) Technology Development, PT LEN
Soekarno-Hatta 442, Bandung 40254, Indonesia

Abstract
The equivalent circuit of lithium-ion battery cell has been presented in some research to model a state of charge (SOC) and battery cell electrical behaviour. The equivalent circuit was built from an open circuit voltage, two resistor-capasitor parallel networks, and a series internal resistance. In several application, some battery cells are connected in series-parallel configuration to produce a battery pack with specified voltage and capacity. In this paper, a modified battery cell model is used to represent the battery pack dynamics. The battery pack is assumed to be balanced on both series and parallel side. The model then validated by comparing simulation results between battery pack model and battery cells that connected in series-parallel configuration. Simulation results shows small difference between the two models.

Keywords
Lithium-ion battery, Battery pack model, Battery cell model, State of charge, Parallel-Seri configuration

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/RtMWFCuEdeJX

Corresponding Author
Gunawan Dwi Haryadi

Institutions
a)Department of Mechanical Engineering
Diponegoro University
*gunawan_dh[at]ft.undip.ac.id

b) Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Bandung Institute of Technology
Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract
The number of motor vehicle increases at each year in Indonesia involve much negative impact on human life such as traffic jam. People choose to go by bus to avoid the traffic jam. Another negative impact is an increase amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the air. Replacing motor vehicle to electric vehicle is the better way to decrease amount of carbon dioxide emissions. Range extended electric bus is a type of electric bus which use electric and fuel for energy source. On the basis of a typical Japanese driving cycle, optimal control strategy is designed according to the state of charge (SOC) consumption trend, which is optimized by the dynamic programming (DP) algorithm. The SOC value determines the mileage and fuel consumption, it will be the main goal of energy management. The result show that when REEB go through distance as long as the distance of BRT UNDIP – UNNES bus route, the amount of Japanese driving cycle are 11 cycles. The energy and fuel consumption that optimized by DP strategy can reach 121.66 MJ and 0.0143 L/Km. Compared with the conventional bus, the fuel consumption reach 0.212 L/Km. The overarching objectives of this paper are to get the REEB energy management strategy model based on dynamic programming, to get the results of optimization of REEB fuel consumption based on dynamic programming, and REEB energy flow.

Keywords
range extended electric bus, state of charge, dynamic programming, fuel consumption, and energy management

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/zEhKj8xDCwMN

Corresponding Author
Yasser GHOULAM

Institutions
ICube laboratory (UMR CNRS 7357) - INSA Strasbourg

Abstract
The energy transition in the field of individual transport requires first of all changes in thinking: Do we need such important mobility ranges in our everyday lifes? How to use the vehicles stopping times for battery charging?...etc. However, this energy transition also requires technological improvements, mainly in the storage of electrical energy. In this context, the electric vehicle application is a rather particular field of application since it requires both a high degree of energy and a high power requirement. It tends not to be compatible with existing storage systems. One of the ideas to overcome this problem is to use a High Energy lithium-ion battery (HE) coupled with supercapacitors. The latter is used as a buffer to assist and preserve the battery, by responding to high and medium changes of current. It can also be charged during the deceleration and braking phases. In this case, the battery only sees the slow current changes. This paper presents a modelling, identification and validation of the behavior of the two main energy storage devices, battery and supercapacitor, of the hybrid energy storage system (HESS) in electric vehicle applications. Besides of both main storage elements, the HESS includes a bi-directional DC/DC power converter suitable for power electronic interface between the battery main energy storage system and the supercapacitor. This work begins by the modeling of DC/DC converter. Then the electric state space models of both power sources, battery and supercapacitor, are also developed. And following that lead, the identification of both storage components constituting the HESS is carried out via many optimization methods based on experimental data of an urban electric vehicle. For that, a test bench is used for battery and supercapacitor characterization, while trying to be as close as possible to the real electric vehicle application. The obtained results show the good performance of the state space developed models comparing with the experimental results from a test bench developped in our laboratory at INSA Strasbourg.

Keywords
Electric vehicle, hybrid energy storage system, lithium-ion battery, supercapacitor, optimization algorithm, bidirectional DC/DC converter, state space, identification, test bench

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Qp4KDWGxjTUY

Corresponding Author
Nirwan Syarif

Institutions
Department of Chemistry Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya, Indonesia
National Center for Sustainable Transporatation Tech.
Bandung, Indonesia

Research Center of Excellence for Fuel Cell and Hydrogen
Universitas Sriwijaya
Palembang, Indonesia

Dept. Recausticizing
PT. OKI Pulp & Paper
Kayu Agung, Indonesia

Abstract
The research of the development kerosene soot carbon particles and its application as electrode for lithium ion battery has been done. The carbon was prepared from kerosene by using thermal plasma pyrolisis and characterized by Boehm titration in order to determine the carbon functional group, point zero charge for surface charge and X-ray diffraction for crystalography. Carbon was mixed with polianilin to form anode and mixed with lithium, iron salts and phosphate to form LiFePO4 as cathode. Both electrodes were fabricated into lithium ion battery with Li2SO4 as electrolyte. The performance of battery was measured with the variaton of electrolyte concentration i e., 0.1 M, 0.5 M, and 1 M. Boehm titration result showed that the carbon has acid functional groups greater than base functional group as 6.90 mgeq. 4.80 of point zero charge pH was in acid condition. The crystalography of carbon as anode presented in diffractogram showed 2θ = 23.68 and 42.33 of diffraction peaks and indicated graphite crystal in the carbon. CV measurement reveal that the oxidation occurred at the peak of anode current, i e., 0.015 A for 0.3 V whereas the reduction occured at the -0.3 V and 0.007 A. A Galvanostatic charge discharge measurenment showed that The highest capacity is obtained in 0.52 mAh/g with a voltage of 0.71 Volts, which is the 500th cycle. The lowest capacity is obtained in only 0.15 mAh/g of 0.2 Volts, that is in cycle 1st

Keywords
electrode, kerosene, boehm titration, pH, pzc, voltammogram, diffractogram, LIB, galvanostatic

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/fAyzUhKcVL8v

Corresponding Author
Putu Hendra Widyadharma

Institutions
1) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia

2) Department of Chemistry, Universitas Pertamina, Jl. Teuku Nyak Arief, Simprug, Jakarta 12220, Indonesia

3) Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (RCNN), Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia

4) National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology (NCSTT), Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia

Abstract
LiNi1-x-yCoxAlyO2 (NCA) is a commonly used material as a cathode in the latest generation of lithium-ion battery (LIB). NCA is a material that practically delivers high specific capacity (~200 mAh.g-1) with excellent electronic and ionic conductivity. Thanks to its extraordinary properties, NCA is projected to be used widely in the future generation of electric vehicles (EVs). Despite its advantages, its long synthesis time at high temperature is one of the problems that hamper its industrial mass production. Herein, we develop a new synthesis method by involving microwave-assisted heat treatment to reduce synthesis time and thus improve energy efficiency. In this work, LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) was successfully synthesized by using chemical co-precipitation method followed by microwave-assisted heat treatment. The resulted materials were then characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). It was revealed that 15 minutes of microwave heating was able to cut 50% of 12 h total heat treatment time, marked with the successfully formed crystalline structure of NCA. Besides, NCA that was synthesized via microwave heating showed better electrochemical performance than NCA synthesized using a conventional method, indicated by a decrease of Rct in EIS measurement and an increase of specific capacity.

Keywords
lithium ion battery (LIB), cathode material, NCA, microwave-assisted heating

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bCYvHJtnPUNk

Corresponding Author
Samuel Rahardian

Institutions
(a)Faculty of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering
Institut Teknologi Bandung
(b)National Center for Sustainable Transportaion Technology

Abstract
Battery development is essential to satisfy green technology trend that requires electric based technology. Lithium-ion battery (LIB) is the most popular battery that has been used in various electric technology. However, LIB has concern on safety aspect by using liquid electrolyte which is prone to thermal failure that leads to flame or explosion. Solid-state battery (SSB) recent development could handle such thermal problem due to non-flammable characteristic of solid electrolyte. SSB also has potential for future main battery candidates due to high energy & power density. Although there are many advantages, SSB also has several problems in recent development. Interfacial stability, low ionic conductivity on room temperature, mechanical properties, etc. need to be studied further to make adjustment for further development. This review would give information regarding recent progress on SSB development from various type of electrolyte and failure mechanism.

Keywords
Battery, solid-state, electrolyte, interfacial stability, SSB development.

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Nng3bLvjqUAw

Corresponding Author
Christopher Fernaldy Kusuma

Institutions
Institut Teknologi Bandung

Abstract
The battery state of charge and energy consumption are two parameters which are characterized by the usage of an extended-range electric vehicle (EREV). Those two parameters should be simulated in order to design the EREV properly according to different design needs, therefore a simulation method is needed. This work tries to establish a simulation method for the simulation of EREV battery state of charge and energy consumption. The EREV propulsion system modeling required for the simulation method are obtained from the general and electric vehicle engineering. Driving cycle data is also involved in the simulation. After the simulation method has been established, this work also validates the established simulation method with two validation methods. The validation step shows that the established simulation method is able to produce satisfying energy consumption simulation results. However, this simulation method needs to be provided with data and modeling, which comply with the simulated EREV, in order to produce a more satisfying battery state of charge simulation result. This work offers an initial perspective of EREV simulation, especially for the battery state of charge and energy consumption. The established simulation method can hopefully contribute to the design process of EREVs in the future.

Keywords
extended-range electric vehicle, EREV, battery state of charge, energy consumption, simulation, method, propulsion system, driving cycle

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/Yy3gAwLGJqbK

Corresponding Author
Oktaviardi Bityasmawan Abdillah

Institutions
(a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
(b) Department of Chemistry, Universitas Pertamina, Jalan Teuku Nyak Arief, Simprug, Jakarta, 12220
(c) Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
(d) Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences,Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak
Indonesia
(e) National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology (NCSTT), Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
*ferry[at]fi.itb.ac.id

Abstract
Due to its excellent properties, such as superior electrical conductivity and large surface area, graphene has been extensively studied for its application as anode material for lithium battery application. Graphene fabrication via the electrochemical exfoliation route is promising due to the low-cost and straightforward process. Herein, we added a pre-treatment of graphite sheet raw material using the immersion process in H2SO4/H2O2 mixture to pre-intercalate graphite before the exfoliation process. Pre-treatment time in the constant H2SO4/H2O2 volume ratio was optimized to obtain the best electrical conductivity and charge transfer resistance. On the prepared samples, the optimum period is 3 minutes, which generates the electrical conductivity of 3298 S m-1. The smallest charge transfer resistance yielded is 55.90 Ohm. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Spectroscopy were utilized for characterizing the morphology and elemental composition of samples.

Keywords
charge transfer resistance, electrical conductivity, electrochemical exfoliation, graphene, pre-treatment

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/bfEQAVH2hcjK

Corresponding Author
Firman Bagja Juangsa

Institutions
ITB

Abstract
The rapid development of renewable energy generation and electric vehicle utilization has effect on increasing demand of battery performance as the energy storage, including lithium-ion and well-developed and commercially available type of battery. In order to increase energy density, silicon is employed as anode electrodes due to its high specific capacity. However, silicon electrode has a limited cycle due to expansion and shrinkage during operation cycle, which leads to the mechanical failure. Nanostructured silicon has been reported to enhance the life cycle with various combination with other materials, including polymer. In this paper, silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) are produced plasma chemical vapor deposition with controllable particle size. SiNPs with different particle size were produced while maintaining the crystallinity and narrow size distribution. Nanocomposite of SiNPs and polymer were produced by solution processing at low temperature, enabling a low cost of fabrication and preserves the unique properties of SiNPs. Material characterization on nanocomposite provides a potential application of SiNPs as anode material in li-ion batteries.

Keywords
li-ion battery, silicon, nanoparticle, nanocomposite

Topic
Battery Technology and Management System

Link: https://ifory.id/abstract/dKXe8zYjtHhx